The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed the landscape of translation, creating new opportunities while presenting significant challenges for both academia and professional practice. This book offers a comprehensive exploration of translation in the AI era, covering the evolution of machine translation, shifts in translation studies, the competencies required of translators in the digital age, as well as ethical considerations, accountability, and the future of the translation profession. Drawing upon contemporary theories and internationally recognized research, the book provides critical and insightful perspectives for students, lecturers, researchers, language professionals, and scholars interested in language technologies. More than a discussion of technological innovation, this book emphasizes that the ability to interpret context, culture, and meaning remains a uniquely human responsibility that cannot be fully replaced by Artificial Intelligence.